Turbocharger vs Supercharger- Which one is Better?

Owning a vehicle that offers enhanced power and improved fuel efficiency is a desire shared by many. The added benefit of contributing towards a cleaner environment further elevates the driving experience. Turbochargers and superchargers play a crucial role in achiev ing these advantages. While turbochargers have been gaining popularity in the automotive market in India, superchargers remain relatively lesser known.

Both turbochargers and superchargers serve the fundamental purpose of increasing the amount of oxygen supplied to the cylinder for more efficient fuel combustion and heightened power generation. However, their operational mechanisms differ significantly. Turbochargers utilise exhaust gases to drive a turbine that compresses incoming air, whereas superchargers are mechanically driven by the engine itself to achieve the same effect.

Understanding the distinctions between turbochargers and superchargers is essential for discerning drivers looking to optimise their vehicle's performance. By delving into their unique functionalities, one can make an informed decision on which option best suits their driving needs and preferences.

 

What is a Turbocharger?

A turbocharger is a sophisticated device comprising two essential components: a turbine and a compressor. Within the mechanism of a turbocharger, exhaust gases exit the combustion chamber with force, striking the turbine and causing it to rotate. This rotational energy is then transferred to the compressor, which in turn draws in and compresses fresh air at high speeds. The compressed air is subsequently directed into the combustion chamber through a connecting pipe.

To enhance the efficiency of the system, an intercooler is typically integrated between the compressor and the combustion chamber intake. This intercooler serves the crucial function of reducing the temperature of the compressed air, thereby increasing its density. The denser air, rich in oxygen, allows for a more substantial amount of fuel to be burnt in the combustion chamber, resulting in enhanced performance.

In essence, turbochargers harness the energy from exhaust gases to compress and supply fresh air to the combustion chamber, enabling a more powerful and efficient combustion process.

 

What is a Supercharger?

A supercharger is a device that enhances the performance of an internal combustion engine by increasing the amount of air that is supplied to the combustion chamber. Unlike a turbocharger that uses exhaust gases to drive a turbine, a supercharger is powered by the engine's crankshaft rotation.

There are different types of superchargers, each with its own unique working mechanism:

- Roots Supercharger: This type of supercharger features two solid rotors that mesh together like gears. As the crankshaft rotates, one of the rotors is driven by a pulley, causing both rotors to spin in unison. The air is drawn in between the lobes of the rotors, compressed, and then expelled through the discharge side. Roots superchargers have been around since 1923 and were initially used in Mercedes Kompressor cars.

- Twin-Screw Supercharger: In this design, two worm-gear-shaped rotors interlock and rotate to draw in air. Unlike the Roots supercharger, the gap between the rotors tapers down towards the discharge side, leading to increased compression as the air flows through the conical taper. The compressed air is then expelled through the discharge side.

- Centrifugal Supercharger: This type of supercharger uses a rotating impeller enclosed by a hub to draw in air. The centrifugal force generated by the impeller causes the air to move outward at high speed and low pressure. A diffuser consisting of fixed vanes surrounding the impeller then converts the air's low pressure and high speed into high pressure and low speed by slowing down the air molecules. The pressurised air is then discharged from the supercharger.

Each type of supercharger has its own advantages and is chosen based on factors such as desired performance characteristics, space constraints, and cost considerations. Understanding the workings of different supercharger types can help enthusiasts and professionals alike make informed decisions when looking to enhance the performance of their vehicles.

 

Advantages of the Turbocharger

The Turbocharger is a remarkable innovation that harnesses the energy from exhaust gases that would otherwise be wasted, resulting in a significant boost in power output. Studies have shown that Turbochargers are approximately 20% to 25% more fuel-efficient compared to superchargers, making them a highly economical choice.

One of the key advantages of Turbochargers is their ability to enable car manufacturers to downsize the engines they incorporate into their vehicles while maintaining the same power levels. This downsizing not only contributes to improved fuel efficiency but also enhances overall performance. While operating at peak power may not yield significant mileage benefits, driving at regular speeds with a smaller engine and optimized fuel combustion can notably increase fuel efficiency.

In essence, the Turbocharger stands out as a sophisticated and efficient solution for enhancing engine performance, achieving better fuel economy, and optimising power output in modern vehicles.

 

Disadvantages of the turbocharger

The operation of a turbocharger involves a series of intricate steps, beginning with the flow of exhaust gases, followed by the impact on the turbine, the subsequent rotation of the compressor, and the eventual generation of additional power. This process introduces what is commonly known as 'turbo lag', a brief delay between pressing the accelerator and the manifestation of turbo power.

Furthermore, the effective generation of turbo power is contingent upon reaching a specific exhaust speed that correlates with the engine speed. Consequently, manufacturers must specify the optimal engine speed range (in revolutions per minute) within which turbo power can be harnessed effectively.

Moreover, the maintenance of a turbocharged engine demands a higher volume of engine oil. In addition to lubricating the engine itself, the turbocharger necessitates constant lubrication to ensure seamless operation.

 

Advantages of the Supercharger

Harness the raw power of the Supercharger, which derives rotational energy directly from the crankshaft. This means that the moment you press the pedal, you will feel an instant surge of increased power, without any waiting time typically associated with turbochargers.

Furthermore, Superchargers exhibit lower heat build-up compared to turbochargers, resulting in reduced lubrication requirements. This is particularly notable in root-type and twin screw-type superchargers, offering a more efficient and reliable performance.

 

Disadvantages of Superchargers

Superchargers, while effective in enhancing engine performance, do come with certain drawbacks that are worth considering. Firstly, due to their direct connection to the crankshaft, superchargers require a portion of the engine's power to operate. Consequently, this can result in a reduction in the overall power output of supercharged vehicles when compared to their turbocharged counterparts.

Additionally, one notable disadvantage of superchargers is the inefficiency in harnessing the kinetic energy of exhaust gases. Unlike turbochargers that utilise this energy for improved performance, superchargers do not capitalise on this potential power source.

Moreover, the design of superchargers necessitates the engine to exert greater force to power both the vehicle and the supercharger itself. This requirement for increased force exertion can lead to higher stress levels on the engine components, potentially impacting the longevity of the engine.

Lastly, in terms of fuel efficiency, superchargers typically lag behind turbochargers, being around 20-25% less fuel-efficient. This reduced fuel efficiency can translate to higher running costs over time for supercharged vehicles.

While superchargers offer undeniable performance benefits, it is essential for prospective buyers to weigh these disadvantages against the advantages to make an informed decision based on their priorities and preferences.

 

Why Are Turbochargers More Popular Than Superchargers In Production Vehicles?

Within the realm of production vehicles, turbochargers have emerged as the preferred choice over superchargers for a multitude of compelling reasons. The surge in popularity of turbochargers can be attributed to their superior performance and efficiency compared to superchargers.

One of the key advantages of turbochargers is their ability to enhance fuel efficiency, a crucial factor in today's automotive landscape where sustainability is paramount. By optimising the combustion process, turbochargers facilitate improved fuel economy, thereby meeting the escalating demand for more environmentally friendly vehicles. Additionally, turbochargers play a significant role in reducing emissions, enabling automakers to adhere to stringent greenhouse gas emission regulations.

Another noteworthy benefit of turbochargers is their capacity to enable engine downsizing without compromising power output. This means that a turbocharged engine can deliver comparable performance to a larger, non-turbocharged engine, while consuming less fuel and emitting fewer pollutants. This downsizing trend not only contributes to enhanced efficiency but also aligns with the industry's pursuit of innovation and technological advancement.

In essence, the widespread adoption of turbochargers in production vehicles underscores their versatility and efficiency in meeting the evolving demands of the automotive sector. By offering a blend of performance, fuel efficiency, and environmental responsibility, turbochargers have rightfully secured their position as the preferred choice for modern automakers.

 

Can a supercharger increase fuel mileage?

Superchargers do not increase fuel mileage; in fact, they decrease fuel efficiency. This is because superchargers are directly linked to the engine's crankshaft. As the supercharger draws energy from the engine, it exerts a parasitic effect, leading to increased fuel consumption. Higher engine revs result in more fuel being used to power the supercharger.

 

Turbocharger vs Supercharger Summary

Both turbochargers and superchargers are efficient ways to boost engine power and performance. Turbochargers are generally preferred due to their ability to enhance fuel economy and reduce waste gas emissions. Although turbo lag may be a drawback, the trade-off is justified by the slight decrease in emissions.

 

Popular Turbocharger